Calcium

Fong J, Khan A. Hypocalcemia: updates in diagnosis and management for primary care. Can Fam Physician. 2012;58(2):158-162. PMID: 22439169

Schafer AL, Shoback DM. Hypocalcemia: Diagnosis and Treatment. In: Endotext. MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth (MA); 2000. PMID: 25905251 

Schugar RC, Crawford PA. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets, glucose homeostasis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(4):374-380. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283547157

Hawkes, C. P., & Levine, M. A. (2014). Ketotic hypercalcemia: a case series and description of a novel entity. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 99(5), 1531–1536. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4275

Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia [published correction appears in BMJ. 2008 Jun 28;336(7659): doi: 10.1136/bmj.a334]. BMJ. 2008;336(7656):1298-1302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE

Magnesium

Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H. Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:9041694. Published 2018 Apr 16. doi: 10.1155/2018/9041694

Uberti F, Morsanuto V, Ruga S, et al. Study of Magnesium Formulations on Intestinal Cells to Influence Myometrium Cell Relaxation. Nutrients. 2020;12(2):573. Published 2020 Feb 22. doi: 10.3390/nu12020573

Sodium

Reynolds RM, Padfield PL, Seckl JR. Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ. 2006;332(7543):702-705. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7543.702

Bove L. A. (1996). Restoring electrolyte balance. Sodium & chloride. RN, 59(1), 25–29. PMID: 8552948

Aspray T. J. (2010). Serum sodium disorders: safe management. Clinical medicine (London, England), 10(4), 418–419. DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.10-4-418a

Braun, M. M., Barstow, C. H., & Pyzocha, N. J. (2015). Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia. American family physician, 91(5), 299–307. PMID: 25822386

Braun, M. M., & Mahowald, M. (2017). Electrolytes: Sodium Disorders. FP essentials, 459, 11–20. PMID: 28806046

Palm, C., Wagner, A., & Gross, P. (2011). Hypo- und Hypernatriämie [Hypo- and hypernatremia]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 136(1-2), 29–33. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269437

Agrawal, V., Agarwal, M., Joshi, S. R., & Ghosh, A. K. (2008). Hyponatremia and hypernatremia: disorders of water balance. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 56, 956–964. PMID: 19322975

Fall P. J. (2000). Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. A systematic approach to causes and their correction. Postgraduate medicine, 107(5), 75–179. DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2000.5.1.1068

Shibagaki Y. (2008). Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi, 50(2), 76–83. PMID: 18421962

Avner E. D. (1995). Clinical disorders of water metabolism: hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Pediatric annals, 24(1), 23–30. DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-19950101-07

Friedler, R. M., Koffler, A., & Kurokawa, K. (1977). Hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Clinical nephrology, 7(4), 163–172. PMID: 870270

Satanovskij, R. M., & Renders, L. (2015). Was tun bei anormalen Natrium- bzw. Kaliumspiegeln? [Electrolyte disorders]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 157(13), 54–60. DOI: 10.1007/s15006-015-2728-8

Tiwari, S., Riazi, S., & Ecelbarger, C. A. (2007). Insulin's impact on renal sodium transport and blood pressure in health. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 293(4), F974–F984. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2007

Potassium

Kardalas E, Paschou SA, Anagnostis P, Muscogiuri G, Siasos G, Vryonidou A. Hypokalemia: a clinical update. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(4):R135-R146. doi:10.1530/EC-18-0109

Bischof H, Burgstaller S, Vujic N, et al. Purification and Application of Genetically Encoded Potassium Ion Indicators for Quantification of Potassium Ion Concentrations within Biological Samples. Curr Protoc Chem Biol. 2019;11(3):e71. doi: 10.1002/cpch.71

Perazella MA, Mahnensmith RL. Hyperkalemia in the elderly: drugs exacerbate impaired potassium homeostasis. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12(10):646-656. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.07128.x